Justice in Law Enforcement - 1790 Words

Justice in Law Enforcement The true concept of justice is a concept involving moral, fair, and impartial treatment of all individuals. Justice is a concept that has many different translations and a concept that can be changed on a case-by-case basis. Justice, as it pertains to law enforcement, is an example of the many faces of justice and how it can be subjective. Conceptually, justice is synonymous with law enforcement. Within this profession, justice can be defined as the ability to treat perpetrators and all individuals encountered, while on the job, with the highest quality of fairness. In order for law enforcement to promote a universal definition of justice, officers must possess the moral ability to lawfully enforce laws of the†¦show more content†¦It refers to an individual, in the custody of the law, being questioned with prior warning of their rights. When officers use the Miranda rule, individuals are warned of their right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. Officers also advise the individual anything they say can be used against them in a court of law. This rule is used as a protection mechanism for individuals who feel obligated to respond to police questioning without understanding consequences this may pose. These forms of practices by law enforcement promote justice by regarding an individuals rights. Upholding such laws, allows law enforcement to administer justice in the manner in which it is intended by law. Because there are exceptions to the rules, many may feel these practices do not demonstrate justice. Although laws are set i n placed to protect citizens, exceptions allow law enforcement and government to flex their muscles when needed. Changes in Law Enforcement after September 11, 2001 In the wake of September 11, 2001 the United States opened its eyes to the need for new and improved policies that addressed terrorism and homeland security. Law enforcement experienced many changes in their operations and methods of response to such tragic events. The creation of The National Strategy for Homeland Security evoked a federal policy change that included the focus on many issues that were not visible prior to September 11, 2001. TheShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement And Criminal Justice Enforcement818 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically, law enforcement response to victims of violent and/or personal crimes has been limited to focusing on securing and prosecuting the offender. A profound shift in this thinking began in the early 2000’s when it was discovered that there was remarked improvements in legal outcomes when law enforcement engaged the victim in the process, and this historical stance on victims is no longe r the norm. In 2003, the International Association of Chiefs of Police held a focus group on the statusRead MoreLaw Enforcement And Justice System1134 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Krug 4/18/15 LAWS – Capstone Course Prof. Parys ACI In this course we have taken several field trips in order to get an understanding of the places and operations we have learned of in our previous courses in this degree program. From the patrol officers making arrests, to the courthouses where judges give sentencing, to the prisons where guilty parties serve their sentence, the Law Enforcement and Justice System is a complex yet straightforward system. Meant to grant justice to the communityRead MoreLaw Enforcement And Criminal Justice System2527 Words   |  11 PagesLaw enforcement agencies together with the entire criminal justice system of the United states have for a long time been accused of exhibiting biasness when it comes to the implementation of the law. The two systems have been accused of being harsh on particular ethnic communities and being too lenient on other communities. One perfect exemplification of the discrimination and bias exhibited by law enforcement agencies regards the criminalization of Black and Latino c ommunities. Recent statisticsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Law Enforcement Agencies960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Criminal Justice System works to enforce laws within the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the government. To insure the criminal justice agencies are organized and functioning, it is typically divided into three main components. The three main components are law enforcement agencies, court agencies, and correctional agencies (Siegel Worrall, 2015). Law enforcement agencies are in charge of thoroughly investigating the crimes and detaining suspects (Siegel Worrall, 2015). CourtRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Criminal Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement offi cers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreJuvenile Justice : A Difficult Area For Law Enforcement Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice can be a difficult area for law enforcement. This is said because unlike adult offenders in the criminal justice system, the juvenile justice is about reform rather than incarceration. The thought process behind juvenile justice is to help these children to become better adults, not only for their community, but also for their workforce as well. There are some rules when handling delinquents. A great example would be an adult who has a public intoxication and has to spend a nightRead MoreCriminal Justice System : A System Of Law Enforcement1616 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is directly involved in prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing people suspected of crime or convicted of felony offenses. The criminal justice system is made of three major components; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All have subcomponents that work together in order for the system to function properly and maintain order. The three major components have big backgrounds that lead up to the way they functionRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Biased? Law Enforcement2004 Words   |  9 PagesIs the criminal justice system biased? Law enforcement has used techniques such as criminal profiling to achieve the responsibility of protecting and serving society. How they use this practice is the key to whether the system is biased. Criminal profiling is a research method used by law enforcement professionals to select the potential suspects of a specific crime. Zapf (2011) stated â€Å"Criminal profiling is the process of identifying behavioral tendencies, personality traits, geographic locationRead MoreLaw Enforcement and Criminal Justice Careers Essay2460 Words   |  10 Pages Law enforcement is a career that is both violent and rewarding in many capacities. Justice needs to be served in law enforcement and they have a responsibility to uphold the law and serve the people in the community. Law enforcement is crucial in the world today as a global realm as life continues to be more complex and law enforcement struggles to combat many aspects of crime. In order to combat these problems and have a positive future in the criminal justice system, everyone must work togetherRead MoreEssay on Women in Criminal Justice: Attorneys and Law Enforcement2284 Words   |  10 PagesDuring the late nineteenth-century, women went to court to continue to secure their rights to participate in public life: to vote, to be a justice of the peace, to be a notary public, to serve as school district di rectors, school committee officers, school officers, and prosecuting attorneys, an of course to practice law (Drachman, 1998). The criminal justice system is a male dominated occupation. For many years women have tried to break down the barrier and some have succeeded. But unlike men

Who Is Frank Nitti - 1461 Words

Thesis: Organized crime was has flourished in the united states for the past century. There have been countless investigations and studies conducted on this topic. Organized crime is composed of numerous ethnic and transnational groups operating together or apart with legitimate and illegitimate businesses and political entities (Lyman, M. D. ,2015). The media has glamorized these criminals creating the idea that they are like the lone wolf, or Robin Hood of society. One of the most iconic depictions of organized crimes can be seen by the mafia movies, and stories. This paper will discuss the mob man known as Frank ‘The Enforcer’ Nitti. In addition, the paper will go into detail on who this man is, what he specialized in, what his organization was, who hung around him and also give police officers a profile on this criminal. Who is Frank Nitti?: Francesco Raffaele Nitto (Frank Nitti) was born on January 27, 1886 in the country of Italy. At the age of seven, frank, his mother and older sister immigrated to New York to be with their step father. The family had hopes of living the American dream. Once in the United States, Nitti went to work as a bowling alley pinsetter, then was a factory worker and later became a barber. Due to the fact that frank could speak and write in English he was considered the most job prosperous member of his family. Consequently, Nitti dropped out of school in order to be able to work more. During his teenage years frank continued to work as aShow MoreRelatedWho Is Frank Nitti?1067 Words   |  5 Pagesor Robin Hood of society. This paper will discuss the mob man known as Frank ‘The Enforcer’ Nitti. In addition, the paper will go into detail on who this man is, what he specialized in, what his organization was, who hung around him and also give police officers a profile on this crimina l. Who is Frank Nitti?: Francesco Raffaele Nitto (Frank Nitti) was born on January 27, 1886 in the country of Italy. At the age of seven, frank, his mother and older sister immigrated to New York to be with their stepRead MoreRoad to Perdition Essay example1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat Rooney will protect Connor, turns to the Capone gang, run by Frank Nitti (Stanley Tucci), in Chicago. Although Sullivan is viewed as an asset and commands much respect from his underworld cronies, Nitti is protecting Connor and hires a killer to dispatch the unrelenting elder Sullivan. The Michaels, father and son, head for a relative’s home in a town called Perdition, hotly pursued by Maguire (Jude Law), a psychotic assassin who kills his victims and then photographs them. The Sullivan’s six-weekRead MoreProhibition and the Mafia Essay740 Words   |  3 Pagesalcohol. The people who took advantage of this opportunity were known as â€Å"Bootleggers†. With the enactment of this law organized crime was established, allowing men such as Al Capone to capitalize and make millions. Him and many others took a stand against the government and at the same time they profited extremely well off of it Temperance movement advocators brought on the creation of the â€Å"Volstead Act† which was later changed to the 18th amendment and prohibitionist who believed that alcoholRead MoreEssay on The Road to Perdition1580 Words   |  7 Pagesstory’s title suggests that Michael has for many years been traveling the road to hell. He understands as much, and wants his son to avoid the same highway, a road with no off ramps. Then there is John Rooney (Paul Newman in his last feature film role) who is the embodiment of Satan in the film, the pitiless head of an Irish crime family. If his actions weren’t clear enough, he includes the devil in a toast, and late in the film in a conference with Michael below a church tells his younger protà ©gà ©, â€Å"thereRead MoreThe Existence Of Extraterrestrial Life Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesGiven the huge number of galaxies, stars, and planets estimated to be in the universe, there is a high probability that life has arisen somewhere besides Earth, and the Drake Theory agrees, (What are the odds there is life in outer space?). In 1961 Frank Drake produced a formula that has been debated about for decades (What are the odds there is life in outer space?). The Drake Equation estimates the number of potential intelligent life in our galaxy (What are the odds there is life in outer spaceRead MoreCrj100 Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrant family in Brooklyn, New York in 1899, Al Capone quit school after the sixth grade and associated with a notorious street gang, becoming accepted as a member. Johnny Torrio was the street gang leader and among the other members was Lucky Luciano, who would later attain his own notoriety. About 1920, at Torrio’s invitation, Capone joined Torrio in Chicago where he had become an influential lieutenant in the Colosimo mob. The rackets spawned by enactment of the Prohibition Amendment, illegal brewingRead MoreCrime Of Organized Crime And Criminal Structures1864 Words   |  8 Pagesties to each other become strong when there is especially trust or there could be no trust, however, those ties can become strong at some point. My paper will be about on the organized criminal structures that Frank Costello had. In the book, it has a lot of personal ties telling the reader who ties personally that Costello had with people that is what the paper will be about. In the illegal activities that Costello committed, what type of crimes has he committed. All of the activities that CostelloRead MoreEssay on Al Capone1286 Words   |  6 Pageswrite English. This was not the case with Capones family. Gabrielle Capone, Alponse’s father was one of 43,000 Italians who arrived in the United States in 1894. He was a barber by trade and could read and write his native language. He was from the village of Castellmare Distabia, sixteen miles south of Naples. (Encyclopedia Of World Crime) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gabrielle who was thirty years old when he arrived in America brought with him his pregnant twenty seven year old wife Teresina, hisRead MoreAl Capone Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration, Capone was forced to either deal with a miserable low wage job with a hopeless future or make an improvement for himself by committing first petty and then serious crime. Al Capones philosophy was to the effect that laws only applied to people who had enough money to abide by them. While in the Bim Booms Gang, Capone was taught how to defend himself by way of a knife, and if needed, by way of a revolver. By the time Capone reached sixth grade he had already become a street brawler. CaponeRead MoreThe Rise Of Organized Crime2736 Words   |  11 Pageswell in school he did not like the rules and was expelled from school after assaulting a female teacher. After that he worked a few jobs including a bowling alley and candy store before getting into a few small time gangs and meeting Johnny Torrio who he would later look up to as a mentor. Soon Capone would leave the small time gangs and join the Brooklyn rippers and later on the Five points gang that was based out of lower Manhattan. At this time Capone worked for Frankie Yale a bar tender at the

Case Discussion of Renal Failure Requiring CRRT/IHD

Question: Discuss about theCase Discussion of Renal Failure Requiring CRRT/IHD. Answer: Introduction Patients with kidney failure are faced with a situation where kidneys no longer functions. There might be several complications associated with such conditions as high blood pressure, anemia and heart diseases with symptoms as feeling tired or confusion or loss of appetite or leg swelling(Montague, 2008). Patient with impaired renal functions needs to be identified in cases of critical illness. Serum creatinine acts as a standard measure for measurement of renal functions and defining patients with chronic kidney disease. The current case analysis involves diagnosing a patient faced with renal failure whose blood tests are included along with a reflection on understanding relative to the case. Case Presentation The case is concerned with a 80 year old Chinese patient who was admitted to ICU for renal failure. The patient had Hyperkalemia (K 9.0 ) with decompensated metabolic acidosis (HCO3 13, pH 7.16) and fluid overload, hypertension - b/g ESRF, etiology unclear on HD 2/4/6 via L AVF. b/g ESRF, etiology unclear on HD 2/4/6 via LAVF - underwent emergent HD overnight, venous pressure high 400 (heparin-free dialysis) thus terminated HD 45 mins earlier, UF 2.3L (target was 2.5-3L) - post-dialysis weight 51.5kg on 14/10/17(DW 51.9kg acc to AMK FMC) - recheck K 5.9 2hours post dialysis, given resonium -started on CPAP EPAP 10, FiO2 30% for fluid overload, pt felt less SOB after, declined CPAP subsequently, weaned off from VM to RA - Trop I neg x 2 (48 62) - underwent 2nd session of dialysis (heparinsed) on 14/10/17, repeat RP post-dialysis: repeat K 4.7 2.Non-specific giddiness - ?Rhomberg's +ve, nil cerebellar signs - CT brain (14/10/17): Nonspecific left frontal subcortical white matter hypo density, may represent early chronic microvascular ischemic change or age-indeterminate infarct.Chronic infarcts. b/g Ca colon s/p primary resection 20years ago, moderately severe AR, HTN, HLD, Hepatic cysts/ erosive gastritis Above analysis for patient is undertaken and conducted using self-reflection. Analysis of pertinent findings from the patient in this case reflects renal failure required CRRT with IHD(Packham, 2015). All indications of the patient reflects that with failing IHD and dizziness, he requires IHD for overcoming his current conditions. Reflection In cases of this patient diagnosed with end-stage renal disease, hyperkalemia is considered to be a common condition(Lehnhardt, 2011). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a leading health challenge across the globe. With a number of growing elderly and patients of hypertensions health care practitioners will be faced with complex problems arising from renal failure. Such conditions affecting the patient has also led to effect on cardiac conductivity. Potassium content on an average person is expected to be at 3500 mmol where 98% are present in cells with only 2% being in extracellular compartments(Pannu, 2008). Changes in distribution amongst compartments of cells can change serum potassium concentration. While potassium is taken in, it is also excreted out. Excretion of potassium depends on renal activity and has no connection to intestinal excretions. It has been seen that maximum amount of oral potassium (approximately 90-95%) is excreted in urine and rest in stool . Excretion of oral potassium is a slow process and dietary potassium is absorbed first in extracellular fluid. Such dietary potassium excretion could easily lead to hyperkalemia in case it does not shifts from extracellular to intracellular compartments. Factors that might stimulate potassium shifts are insulin, metabolic alkalosis and catecholamine(Einhorn, The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease, 2009). As the patient in this case has end stage renal failure, kidneys that are responsible for excreting potassium cannot do so leading to hyperkalemia. The patient was visiting Nephrology Clinic as he was referred from Hepatology Clinic. He had been diagnosed with ESKD (End stage kidney failure) causes were unknown. The patient had been having HD treatment since July 2015. He had a history of colon cancer 20 years ago and hypertension with Dyslipidemia. He visited Hepatology Dr. Lee YM for erosive gastritis and hepatic cysts(Weisberg, 2008). He vomited and was feeling unwell with high BP which caused him to miss HD on 10th and 12th October. He also had lower limb weakness due to hyperkalemia which affects muscles. He had increasing dyspnea and orthopnea also in past few days reflecting that hyperkalemia had affected his heart. He had also been facing metabolic acidosis and fluid overload. Therefore, the patient was admitted to MICU for close up monitoring of cardiac activity. The patient has excess of potassium levels in extracellular compartments exceeding 5.5 (it is 9 in this case). But as seen in multiple cases hyperkalemia is seen in patients with excess intake of potassium through oral or intravenous supplementation. The case patient here has end-stage renal disease, skipping dialysis treatment (HD). It has been noted that drugs along with age have impaired urinary potassium excretion that have further aggravated hyperkalemia(Weir, Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors, 2015). In cardiac tissues of the patient, hyperkalemia attacks cells with excitability making less capable to depolarize. The most feared clinical consequence faced by the patient is its effect on cardiac conductivity. The patient also suffers from hypertension, two sessions of HD had to be terminated and one session had to be stopped 45 minutes earlier as blood pressure rose immensely. There is peaked T-waves with prolonged PR intervals. The condition experienced by the patient is bound to affect his skeletal muscles rendering parasthesias and motor weakness. For treating the patient all life-threatening effects on cardiac conductivity has to be treated. Firstly, as patient feels dizzy intravenous infusion of calcium salts as calcium chloride or calcium gluconate has to be administered to change EKG(Smith, 2008). The threshold for cardiac muscles will help decrease excitability by increase administration of serum-calcium concentration. According to my learning and reflection, hemodialysis is the best therapy for severe hyperkalemia and patient with end stage renal disease. The patient needs to institute temporizing measures for lowering serum potassium accurately 2 hours before starting of hemodialysis. The therapy will help the patient to rapidly shift intracellular fluid compartments. It can be done using beta-2, bicarbonate and adrenergic agonists. Intravenous Insulin with combination of glucose will help in correction of hyperkalemia. The patient can develop hypoglycemia in this therapy, but Insulin with glucose is the most reliable drug. Intravenous Albuterol also can lower potassium in stable dialysis but it caused rise in seru m insulin levels. The patient had been given once cycle of IV calcium gluconate, insulin-dextrose given once. The patient is ESRD for treating of hyperkalemia removal of potassium either through gastrointestinal track (GI) or dialysis is undertaken. For this patient having hepatological factors referred to nephrological unit. Dialysis is the best treatment for severe hyperkalemia but in this case there are several factors related that might impact magnitude of removal of potassium, one such parameter being dialysate concentration of potassium, glucose and bicarbonate along with dialyzer blood flow. As most potassium removal happens during removal first 2 hours at times when potassium gradient between dialysate and blood is the highest(Sterns, 2010). For the patient hemodialysis is performed by use of 2-mm dialysate potassium concentration (2-K). By increasing potassium gradient in blood and dialysate lowering of dialysate potassium concentration can be done. But increasing potassium removal by lowering dialysate potassium concentration might impair dialysis adequacy. Low potassium dialysate increases potassium removal and is an effect treatment for acute hyperkalemia with ESRD. Such treatment might however reduce efficiency of urea clearance and aggravate ventricular arrhythmias(Khosla, 2009). Allon and Shanklin depicted that administering nebulized albuterol in patient 30 minutes before dialysis can lower potassium removal at the time of dialysis. There might be exaggerated rebound in serum potassium in case beta-adrenergic wears off post 4 to 6 hours. Preventing hyperkalemia in dialysis patient is of utmost importance. As kidney is the major source for excretion of dietary potassium, limiting such intake is critical for anephric dialysis patients. The patient need to be limited his daily dietary potassium to 2 to 3 grams by restricting potassium rich foods as beans, lentils, squash, chocolate, potatoes, salt substitutes, which are especially found in Chinese foods(Group., 2009). The patient is unable to intake much food due to vomiting and hepatic cysts. Due to suppr essed endogenous insulin secretion fasting hyperkalemia might be noted. As a result of net shift of potassium in intracellular compartments there might be decreased levels of plasma insulin. Dialysis patients lack adaptive measures or healthy controls hence they develop hyperkalemia. In various cases prolonged fasting leads to increase in serum potassium in dialysis patients with normal controls. In case dialysis patients are subjected to prolonged fasting there needs to monitoring for hyperkalemia. Acute renal failure (ARF) has claimed over 20-25% lives in ICU that has further risen leading to multi organ failure. However, the mortality of the diseases greatly depends upon underlying diseases and other risks factors in critically ill patients. Till date literature analysis had been focused on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and conventional intermittent haemodialysis (IHD). The time during which each one is applied greatly varies as CRRT has to be applied continuously and IHD is applied few hours during the day. IHD has to be an efficient therapy for fluid removal and toxins. IHD is performed by a low-flux dialysis member using diffusive therapies with high dialysate flow requiring dialysis monitor. CRRT modalities are low on efficiency hence a rather continuous technique is applied. CRRT is done using high-flux membrane with industry made substitution fluid in bags by convective therapy. CRRT demands less of technical expertise whereas IHD requires technical expert ise of dialysis team as well as nursing(Pavlakovi?, 2010). CRRT is found to be better technique as compared to IHD with mixed review of patients in both treatments. In case of CRRT haemodynamic stability of patient is greater as compared to IHD. In this case also CRRT would have yield better results as the patient had been suffering from hypertension with increased BP during IHD. IHD cannot deliver epuration in high catabolic ARF patient of ICU, but its was prescribed often for desired levels of metabolic control. There is still debate regarding biocompatibility of dialysis member with ARF patient. In case of biocompatible members outcomes were better with lower cases of sepsis as against cellulosic membranes. There are loss of amino acid and protein with use of high-flux polysulfone membranes as compared to low-flux cuprophane membranes. This can lead to inadequate nutrition management of patient. For treating lactic acidosis CRRT can be used as a modality for patients with multipl e organ failure. Extracorporal clearing of lactate is calculated to be low as against internal metabolisation hence metabolic acidosis cannot be effected by CRRT. CRRT can help in removing of mediators of inflammation, sepsis and cytokines. Molecules can be removed by membrane convection or adsorption, rate of synthesis of such molecules will not decrease their levels of plasma. Removal of anti-inflammatory cytokines with balance of anti and pro-inflammatory molecule plasma levels will be unchanged. CRRT is more expensive when compared to IHD as there is a need for large quantities of industry-prepared dialysate for artificial kidneys. Primary differences in IHD and CRRT arise from their weaknesses as IHD allows intermittent therapy that has haemodynamic intolerance. Conclusion Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) involves steady renal replacement therapy for effective management of modalities. Hyperkalemia is an end stage renal disease that can be rectified with CRRT. For treatment purpose the patient may be administered with insulin and glucose, albuterol. Removal of potassium might also be suggested for patients as cation-exchange resins have not been used significantly. Across the world dialytic removing of potassium is the mostly used therapy. There can also be intervention with prevention of interdialytic hyperkalemia. Reference Lists Einhorn, L. M. (2009). The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease. Archives of internal medicine, 1156-1162. Group., E. T. (2009). Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med, 2009, 1639-1650. Khosla, N. K. (2009). Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade. American journal of nephrology, 418-424. Lehnhardt, A. . (2011). Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hyperkalemia. Pediatric nephrology, 377-384. Montague, B. T. (2008). Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 324-330. Packham, D. K.-S. (2015). Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 222-231. Pannu, N. K. (2008). Renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure: a systematic review. Jama, 793-805. Pavlakovi?, H. K. (2010). Hyperkalemia complicating propranolol treatment of an infantile hemangioma. Pediatrics, e1589-e1593. Smith, H. M. (2008). Cardiac arrests associated with hyperkalemia during red blood cell transfusion: a case series. Anesthesia Analgesia, 1062-1069. Sterns, R. H. (2010). Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective? Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 733-735. Weir, M. R. (2015). Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine, 211-221. Weir, M. R. (2015). Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine, 211-221. Weisberg, L. S. (2008). Management of severe hyperkalemia. Critical care medicine, 3246-3251.

Affective Commitment to Change and Innovation Implementation Behavior

Question: Describe about the Affective Commitment to Change and Innovation Implementation Behavior? Answer: Introduction There was a time when Information Technology was considered as a secondary function in the organization. With spread of technology, Information System has emerged as important business function. There was a time when Information Systems were used primarily by large organizations only. With time, the cost of Information Technology has reduced and today IT is being used by large as well as small organizations. Still today, small size companies do not find it easy to afford the high costs of Information Technology. One of the ways for small organizations to overcome the cost of Information Technology to use IT as a service through cloud computing. It can be said that cloud computing has emerged as a powerful way of operations in last decade or so. With the help of cloud computing even small organizations can use IT without installing hardware and software at their premises. Cloud computing involves deploying groups of remote servers and softwarenetworksthat allow centralized data storag e and online access to computer services or resources (Friedman, 2013). Clouds can be classified as public, private orhybrid. The companies like Google and Yahoo offer cloud solutions to end customers as well as individuals. In todays world, Google Mail is one of the best example of cloud computing. In the case of cloud computing the data of company would be stored in a shared server. With cloud computing the employees if the firm would get the access through a server that could be located anywhere. One of the disadvantages of cloud computing is that employees can face certain access management issues. The objective of this paper is to analyze and discuss the strategies for the resolution of employee access and identity management issues in a small IT organization dealing with Cloud computing. A brief organizational background and specific issues can be discussed as: Organizational background The organization is a small website development company by the name of ABC Web Development Company. The company operates in computer industry and it is into operations for last 20 years. The company is based out in Sydney and it has its presence in various parts of Australia. The company has small employee strength of 200 employees spread across its offices in Australia. The organizations used cloud computing as a service. The information of the organization is shared on a private and restricted cloud and only users with authorization can access the cloud. The objective of this research work would be to identify the access management issues for employees and develop the strategies to resolve these issues. The purpose, aims and specific research questions of this project can be discussed as: Purpose and Aims This research would be done only for ABC Company. This research would be used to help ABC to overcome the access management issues. In the current scenario all the employees have to perform double authentication before accessing the computer systems of the company. Not all the employees are comfortable with the current cumbersome process. The specific research questions for this research project can be discussed as: Identify all the access and identify management issues for ABC Company on their private cloud. Develop strategies and policies to overcome the identify management issues. Develop short term and long-term resolution strategies. Significance There has been a lot of work done in the field of cloud computing. The biggest benefit of cloud computing is that it helps organizations to save the cost. Theprocess of controlling identity, access and delivery of services was relatively simple when employees only had one desktop computer to log in to every morning. Unfortunately, that is no longer the case for most organizationsnow. ABC Company has a network of computer systems and the employees of the company would login into the network of the company and not just a computer system. Different computer systems of the company are on a single network and this network can be accessed through a cloud system. This research work would be most significant for small size and mid size companies. This research work should help the small companies, which want to make decisions about the use of cloud computing in their environment. This research work should be able to answer the doubts and issues of small companies who are anxious about the use of cloud computing. Project approach and design This project would include a mixed method of research. The mixed method of research would use a combination of both primary and secondary research. Any project is executed best when both primary and secondary research are used (McCalman, 2008). The primary and secondary research that would be used for this project can be discussed as: Primary research The primary research for this project would use the information that would be collected directly from the management and employees of ABC Company. As a part of primary research, two questionnaires would be developed. One of the questionnaires would be developed specifically for management and other questionnaire would be developed for the employees of ABC. The question in the survey would be both open ended and close ended in nature. The ratio between close ended and open-ended questions would be 80% to 20%. It is always good to use more of close-ended questions so that respondents find it easy to answer (Armenakis, 2007). The management of the company would be asked certain open-ended questions but it is better to avoid open-ended questions to employees of ABC. The questionnaires would be mailed to management and employees of the company through emails. The respondents would be asked to fill the questions and mail back. As a part of this research, a sample size of 100 participants would be considered. It would include 90 employees of the company and 10 people from management. A sample of the questions for management and employees of the company can be discussed as: Secondary research The secondary research for this research work would consists of study on Internet and other sources. The websites on Internet and online library would act as great source of information for this research project. It would be important to mention that secondary research would include studying only the reliable websites. Not all the websites on the Internet has genuine content. It is important to refer only the peer-reviewed journals (Seatter, 2014). The secondary research for this project would continue along with primary research. The secondary research for this research work would also include the literature review of vast literature. A brief literature review for this research can be discussed as: Literature review (Byrne Lynn, 2007) have highlighted the benefits of cloud computing for small and mid-size organizations. It is important that organizations must have both short term and long-term plans for the use of Information Technology. An important part of IT strategy of small organization is the emphasis on cloud computing. Along with the benefits of cloud computing, organizations must also focus on the risks of cloud computing. A risk assessment plan would help organizations to avoid the risks in short term and mitigate the risks in long term. (Stegmaier Sontagg, 2009) discussed the various resolution strategies for access management system for organizations that uses cloud computing. It can be said that employee involvement should be high in order to overcome the risks of access management issues. It is important that employees should be provided adequate training in order to help them to overcome the access and identification management issues. The support from senior stakeholders is also required to ensure that the issues of employees can be overcome. It is important that management should also develop a strategic plan to overcome the issues. The issues of access management and identification management can also bring in certain chain management issues. It is important that management should have polices and strategies to overcome the change management issues that may come up with access management and identification issues (Zhang Xu, 2011). Project Plan Any research work should starts with the issues identification phase. This phase should thought of a phase where the underlying issues to conduct the issues would be decided. The detailed project plan for this research work can be discussed as: Phase Timelines Comments Issue identification 2 weeks It would be the phase where issues would be identified and foundation of research work would be done Research objective and background 2 weeks It would be the phase where specific research objectives would be laid down and research questions would be formulated Primary research 6 weeks It would be the phase where the questionnaire would be emailed to participants Secondary research 6 weeks It would be the phase research would be done on Internet. This phase would start along with primary research and would end with primary research Data Collection 5 weeks It would be the phase in which data would be collected from various respondents Data Analysis 4 weeks It would be the phase where data would be analyzed. The tools like SPSS and Microsoft Excel would be used to analyze the data Research Output 3 weeks It would be the phase where research would be concluded and research output would be formulated Reporting 2 weeks It would be the phase where the results of the research would be made public. Risk assessment There would be various risks that would surround this research project. The risks for this project would include social risks as well as technological risks. Another important risk is the delay in the execution of the project or time slippage issues. A risk mitigation plan for different risk can be discussed as: Risk Probability Impact Mitigation strategy Timeline slippage (This risk would occur if the project plan is not followed) High Medium It is important there should be a check point at each of the milestone and a buffer should be added to the timelines Primary research risks (There is always a risk if the participants would provide true and unbiased information or not) Medium High It is important that data should be filtered to remove the bias and it is also important that simple questions should be asked to participants so that they can provide true information Secondary research risks (There is always a risk if some false information is collected from a website) Low Medium It is important that only reliable websites should be referred and only peer reviewed journals should be used as part of this research Legal risks (It is important that all the legal guidelines should be followed) Low Medium It is important that researcher should take the services of a legal council that would guide researcher Ethical risks (It is important that none of the unethical practices should be followed) Medium Medium It is important that researcher should remain motivated through out the research duration Ethics One of an important part for any research project is the ethical consideration. In this research project there would be ethical considerations form the side of researcher as well as from the side of participants. It is expected that the participants would show high ethical standards while answering the questions. It is important that the participants would not provide any false information. At the end of research, it is expected that he would not use the data and information for any other purposes. The information that would be collected with primary research would be kept truly confidential and would not be shared with any other individuals or agency (Frattini, 2011). It is important the researcher should sign the contract wherein he would be legally abided to not to share the data collection part. In addition, the personal information of the employees and managers who would participate in this research work would also be kept confidential. Communication The success or failure of any research work would not only depend on the way project is executed but it would also depend on the way the results of the project are communicated to the outside world. It is expected that a research project would be developed that would be shared with the audience (Schroth, 2008). It is important the researcher should consent with all the members of the research before publishing the research report. For this research work, a well-structured report would be developed as a document file. The document would also have a section of executive summary that would detail down the research results. In addition to a document, a small presentation using Microsoft PPT would also be made that would highlight the research work and research results in 10 slides. This presentation would be helpful for those who just want to get a high-level idea of the research. References Akgn, A. E., Byrne, J. C., Lynn, G. S., Keskin, H. (2007). Organizational unlearning as changes in beliefs and routines in organizations.Journal of Organizational Change Management,20(6), 794-812. Anderson, D., Anderson, L. A. (2010).Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Chiaroni, D., Chiesa, V., Frattini, F. (2011). The open innovation journey: how firms dynamically implement the emerging innovation management paradigm.Technovation,31(1), 34-43. Michaelis, B., Stegmaier, R., Sonntag, K. (2009). Affective commitment to change and innovation implementation behavior: The role of charismatic leadership and employees trust in top management. Journal of Change Management, 9(4), 399-417. Paton, R. A., McCalman, J. (2008).Change management: A guide to effective implementation. Sage. Oakland, J. S., Tanner, S. (2007). Successful change management.Total Quality Management and Business Excellence,18(1-2), 1-19. Walker, H. J., Armenakis, A. A., Bernerth, J. B. (2007). Factors influencing organizational change efforts: an integrative investigation of change content, context, process and individual differences.Journal of Organizational Change Management,20(6), 761-773. Feng, D. G., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Xu, Z. (2011). Study on cloud computing security.Journal of Software,22(1), 71-83. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Poole, B. J., Sky-McIlvain, E. (2014). Education for an information age. Grabner, I. (2014). Incentive system design in creativity-dependent firms.The Accounting Review,89(5), 1729-1750. Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Sanz-Valle, R. (2008). Could HRM support organizational innovation?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,19(7), 1208-1221. Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., Griskevicius, V., Becker, D. V., Schaller, M. (2010). Goal-Driven Cognition and Functional Behavior The Fundamental-Motives Framework.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 63-67. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Seatter, C. S. (2014). Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents.Journal of Cleaner Production. Schroth, H. A. (2008). Helping you is helping me: Improving students ethical behaviors in a negotiation by appealing to ethical egoism and the reputation effect.Negotiation and Conflict Management Research,1(4), 389-407. Talke, K., Heidenreich, S. (2014). How to Overcome Pro Change Bias: Incorporating Passive and Active Innovation Resistance in Innovation Decision Models.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(5), 894-907. Thom, J., Millen, D., DiMicco, J. (2012, February). Removing gamification from an enterprise SNS. InProceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work(pp. 1067-1070). ACM. Van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). Adapting to change: The value of change information and meaning-making.Journal of Vocational Behavior,83(1), 11-21. Yuan, K., Le, V. N., McCaffrey, D. F., Marsh, J. A., Hamilton, L. S., Stecher, B. M., Springer, M. G. (2012). Incentive Pay Programs Do Not Affect Teacher Motivation or Reported Practices Results From Three Randomized Studies.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 0162373712462625.

Volcano Essay Example For Students

Volcano Essay This paper will define and discuss the Volcano Essay to include: types of volcanoes, formation of a volcano, and elements of a volcano; such as, lava, rock fragments, and gas. This paper also tells a little bit about volcanic activity in different parts of the world. We will write a custom essay on Volcano specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What is a volcano? A volcano is a vent in the earth from which molten rock and gas erupt. The molten rock that erupts from the volcano forms a hill or mountain around the vent. The lava may flow out as a viscous liquid or it may explode from the vent as solid or liquid particles. Kinds of Volcanic Materials Three basic materials that may erupt from a volcano are; 1. lava, 2. rock fragments, and 3. gas. Lava Lava is the name for magma that has been released onto the Earths surface. When lava comes to the Earths surface, it is red hot and may have temperatures of more than 2012 degrees Fahrenheit. Fluid lava flows swiftly down a volcanos slopes. Sticky lava flows more slowly. As the lava cools, it may harden into many different formations. Highly fluid lava hardens into smooth, folded sheets of rock called pahoehoe. Stickier lava cools into rough, jagged sheets of rock called aa. Pahoehoe and aa cover large areas of Hawaii, where the terms originated. The stickiest lava forms flows of boulders and rubble called block flows. It may also form mounds of lava called domes. Other lava formations are spatter cones and lava tubes. Spatter cones are steep hills that can get up to 100 feet high. They build up from the spatter of geyser-like eruptions of thick lava. Lava tubes are tunnels formed from fluid lava. As the lava flows, its exterior covering cools and hardens. But the lava below continues to flow. After the flowing lava drains away, it leaves a tunnel. Rock Fragments Rock fragment are usually called tephra and are formed from sticky magma. This magma is so sticky that its gas can not easily escape when the magma approaches the surface or central vent. Finally, the trapped gas builds up so much pressure that it blasts the magma into fragments. Tephra consists of volcanic dust, volcanic ash, and volcanic bombs, (from smallest to largest size particle). Volcanic dust consists of particles less than one one-hundredth inch in diameter. Volcanic dust can be carried for great distances. In 1883, the eruption of Krakatau in Indonesia shot dust 17 miles into the air. The dust was carried around the Earth several times and produced brilliant red sunsets in many parts of the world. Some scientists assume large quantities of volcanic dust can affect the climate by reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth. Volcanic ash is made up of fragments less than one fifth inch in diameter. Nearly all volcanic ash falls to the surface and becomes welded together as rock called volcanic tuff. Sometimes, volcanic ash combines with water in a stream and forms a boiling mudflow. Mudflows may speeds up to 60 miles per hour and can be remarkably shattering. Volcanic bombs are large fragments. Most of them range from the size of a baseball to the size of a basketball. The largest bombs can measure up to more than four feet across and weigh up to 100 short tons. Small volcanic bombs are generally called cinders. Gas Gas pours out of volcanoes in large quantities during almost all eruptions. The gas is made up particularly of steam, but may also include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and other gases. Most of the steam comes from a volcanos magma, but some .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .postImageUrl , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:hover , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:visited , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:active { border:0!important; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:active , .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda74959f486ec7421c3c526594012a3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Problems of Women's Labor Essaysteam may also be produced when rising magma heats water in the ground. Volcanic gas carries a large sum of volcanic dust. This alliance of gas and dust looks like black smoke Types of Volcanoes The magmas that are the most liquefied erupt quietly and flow from the vent to form sloping shield volcanoes, a name that is conceived because they look like the shields of ancient German warriors. The lava that flows from shield volcanoes is usually only one to ten meters thick, but the lava may extend for great distances away from the vent. The volcanoes of Hawaii and Iceland are typical shield volcanoes. Magma with high gas contents .

Assignment Vietnam War Essays

Assignment Vietnam War Essays Assignment Vietnam War Essay Assignment Vietnam War Essay Assignment Vietnam War Michelle Caudillo HIS/135 July 17, 2011 Mona Rocha During the Vietnam War there was a draft called the Selective Service System. When men turned eighteen, they had to register with the draft. The draft had many changes; one was that if an individual was enrolled in college they could receive a deferment and not have to be drafted in the military until after college. However, once they graduated their name would be put to the top of the list to be drafted and deployed immediately. With this policy in effect many colleges and universities became involved in anti-war movements. Most of the faculty and students did not believe in the war and its cause. Between the years of 1961 and 1973 the war claimed 57,000 American lives and left more than 300,000 wounded. (Davidson, 2005) Come graduation time many students feared the reality of the draft. Many students protested and voiced their opposition to the war. With fear there was the distrust of the government figures in charge and they publicly questioned the governmentâ„ ¢s judgment on handling the war. When the United States announced they would begin to send troops to Cambodia there was such a large protest that the National Guard had to be called in to control the situation. There was fear the protesting would turn into rioting and businesses would get damaged in the process. Come May 4th, 1970, Kent State Universityâ„ ¢s anti-war rally grew to almost 3,000 people in support of the anti-war movement. The National Guard had to use tear gas, when that did not work due to windy weather they attempted to enforce the Ohio Riot Act with raised bayonets, forcing demonstrators to retreat. (Kent State University, n.d.) As a result of the National Guard attack toward the protestors, nine students were injured, one of which was left paralyzed, and four died. This incident put Kent State University in the spotlight and added fuel to the 1970â„ ¢s continuing anti-war movement. Many Americans feared them and their families could be victims on another incident like the Kent State University event. Parents began to question the draft, the Vietnam War, and American politics. Many of the peace talks that were organized were not carried out so peacefully. American soldierâ„ ¢s lives were not the only things that Americans paid with for the war. The United States had put in over $120 million into supporting the war and the soldiers. With that inflation rose and President Johnson had to raise taxes. Unfortunately, the Republicans would not approve the tax raise with their being a cut to the social welfare programs. It was clear the United States did not have the resources or wealth to remain dominant over the world. President Nixonâ„ ¢s Doctrine allowed America escape itâ„ ¢s military obligations by placing responsibility on other allied countries. With this happening, Americaâ„ ¢s foreign military sales went from $1.8 billion to $15.2 billion in the next six years. (Davidson, 2005) As America was withdrawing from the Vietnam War it began looking for ways to contain the Soviets without the use of violence. They first needed to remove any threat of the Sovietâ„ ¢s nuclear weapons. The United States allowed some nuclear concessions and the Soviets vowed to lower their supply, with both nations agreeing not to make any new missiles by signing Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. The United States then began to make diplomatic relations with China with hopes that this would have the Soviets work with the United States. References Davidson, J. (Ed.). (2005). Nation of nations: A concise narrative of the American republic (4th ed., vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill. May 4th, 1970 (n.d.). May 4th, 1970 General Information. Retrieved from http://dept.kent.edu/ksumay4/welcome.htm

Did Lyndon Baine Johnson or Martin Luther King have a bigger impact on Research Paper

Did Lyndon Baine Johnson or Martin Luther King have a bigger impact on the Voting Rights Act of 1965 - Research Paper Example It is also of utmost importance to mention that this was a culmination of efforts of several proponents of change. Change, as usual, is normally met with resistance and this was not an exception. This change was still being waited for despite the provisions in the fifteenth amendment. After a speech to the congress on the importance of the matter, the president set the mood for a second thought on how American society was going to effect changes that forever set USA on a democratic course (Taylor, 49). One cannot fail to observe that Fifteenth Amendment of the US Constitution was clear that it guaranteed every US citizen the right to vote. This right to vote was supposed to be observed without regard to race or color. Nonetheless, almost a decade later, there were elements of discriminatory practices, intimidation, and violence that still persisted. These practices were what led to the rise of the civil movement led by Martin Luther King since they were transformed into policies that aimed at depriving the minorities, particularly African Americans in the Jim Crow South, of their right to vote. The life of Martin Luther King Junior has deservingly been accorded very many citations and legendary recognition for the simple fact that he believed in justice and equality and fought relentlessly for the rights of the oppressed minorities. He is the major character that is associated with the civil rights movement given his vocal opinions about the matter (Laughlin, 65). It has been observed that although there were other proponents of the movement, perhaps his oratory skills that echoed the concerns is what earned him the recognition. True, he deserved it. During the early middle and late 1950, Luther was one of the nation’s frontline black leaders. As an eloquent speaker blessed with an oratorical style and diction that was very compelling, he was calm, confident but serious

The effects of smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The effects of smoking - Research Paper Example Moreover glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity is impaired in the body by smoking. Eliasson et al in his research tells that smoking initially show the symptom of insulin resistance. And after some time the endothelial function is also impaired. Other toxic substances in cigarette smoke can also harm the individual's normal physiological state of body and thus increase the stress on the body. This stress is a cause of diabetes mellitus in individuals (Radzeviciene & Ostrauskas 2009). The cigarette smoke results from the burning of tobacco and it contains Tar which is a brown substance and is made up of more than 4000 chemicals. Lung diseases are commonly caused by smoking which contains Tar, such as emphysema which is a long term, progressive disease of lung tissue which causes shortening of breath and the lung tissues are destroyed and become unable to support the proper physical structure and functions of the lungs. Cigarette smoking also causes chronic bronchitis, which is the inflammation of air passages to the lungs. The inflammation of the air ways makes way for excess production of mucus which blocks the passages for air making it difficult to respire (Dentener et al 2007). The cigarette smoke also affects our heart tissue and makes it weak. The cigarette smoke causes atherosclerosis which is the thickening and hardening of blood vessels by the deposition of fats on the vessel walls, which causes coronary heart diseases and strokes. The presence of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke lowers the affinity of blood for oxygen lowering the quantity of oxygen carried by the blood to different parts of body and heart causing angina and heart attacks. Nicotine in the cigarette smoke has...The primary focus of the government should be on the reduction of smokers to first create a smoke free environment but it should also secondarily work towards ways and methods to prevent non smokers from smoking. Increasing the number of taxes on cigarettes as well as the i mplementation of bans can prove to be useful for the purpose of discouraging the smokers from smoking and this fact has been proven as many smokers have quit smoking following these regulations. On the other hand proper education regarding the harmful effects of smoking among certain age groups can also prove to reduce the number of non smokers from smoking. Parents of school going children should be advised and taught to keep a proper watch on the children and discourage them from smoking. Smoking is a global issue which alone accounts for the death of 440,000 people annually in the United States. It poses health risks not only for those individuals who smoke but also for those who come into contact with this smoke. Many countries across the globe have taken a stand against this problem and states are justified to take measures to limit the spread of this wide spread issue.

Disc8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disc8 - Essay Example Einsten (1940), notes that God, who rewards and rebukes, is improbable for the modest aims that internal and external need dictates man’s actions. It is because, in the eyes of God, he would not be held accountable. He concludes his notion of cosmic religious view by stating that human ethics should be built on compassion, societal ties and education. This ground should be formed without any religious foundation. He claimed that God can be perceived through the world’s lucidity or rationality that lies behind all work of science of a higher order. Einstein always believed in a form of religion that is sovereign of any church or system of belief. According to Einstein, humans do not have to pick between believing in God’s actuality and not trusting in God at all. The utmost human perception level is the cosmic feeling of religion. Einstein believes that the cosmic feeling moves past the purely human hypotheses of morality and fear. The celestial feeling attempts to conceive the universe as an effortlessly integrated whole. He viewed the cosmic religious feeling as sporadic and enigmatic but real (Einsten, 1940). Yes, Einstein had a view of religion. Despite his great admiration for the principles of ethics found in the Bible, he did not accept the view that suggested a personal God in the Judeo-Christian tradition. He continued to embrace Gods view that God is an imaginative mind that displays itself in nature wonders. Einstein did not change his view on religion even as he advanced his end years on earth. Therefore, he asked science to join forces with religion since they required each other.In his text, he states that science without religion is lame, and religion without science is blind (Einsten,

Why Accounting is highly subjective

Why Accounting is highly subjective Many scholars and theorists have supported the concept of subjectivity in accounting and have also used this concept has an argument against academics that have a different perspective to this concept ¸ who considers accounting to be objective. Morgan argued that accounting/accountants are constructors of reality, subjective (Morgan, 1988, pg. 477) and they produce and represent situations in financial statements with some degree of subjectivity and one-sided ways. This perspective or ideology was further supported by Ruth Hines, a source to the improvement of accounting theory, who used the notion of reality construction to justify her view. She believed that in communicating reality, we construct it (Hines, 1988, pg. 251). Hence, accounting is socially constructed, which means it is concocted by people, individuals or societies at large. However these were views that positivists, David Solomons and Rob Bryer did not support. Bryer used Marxs theory of labour process to argue that objective accounting lies at the core of capitalist control of modern business enterprises (Bryer, 2006, pg. 42). In addition, Solomons had a more radical view by suggesting that accountants should be like journalists (Solomons, 1991, pg. 287). He explains that accountants should be reporting the news as it happens, not build it to be the reality or full picture of an event; but do we know what reality is?, how and when do we know what the true and fair view of an event is without having an historical background?, can we rely on it?. These are views that will also be explored during the course of this evaluation. First of all, what is accounting? The American Accounting Association defines accounting as the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and decisions by users of the information (Porter Norton, 2009, pg. 11). The history of modern accounting dates back to 1494, when Luca Pacioli wrote a book on double entry bookkeeping. During the years that followed, accounting and the accounting profession lacked theoretical knowledge backing them up'(Kyriacou 2010, lecture3, slide8) to decrease ambiguity. Therefore, due to the financial scandals in the 1920s that lead to the great depression at that period, GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) was formed in the in the late 1930s to control and regulate the accounting. Years after GAAP was formed, SSAP2 was formed in 1971 to serve as a directional tool for accounting and the accounting profession with the combination of various concepts and conventions: Going, accruals, prud ence and consistency, realisation, objectivity, materiality, money measurement, entity and duality. However after the ASB review, SSAP2 reduced them to four which formed C.A.P.G (Going, accruals, consistency and prudence). SSAP2 also established more policies on stock, depreciation, assets etc. Despite SSAP2s effort to give meaning to accounting traditions, accounting was still done based on the duality concept because accountants did not know why accounting was practised the way it was. As a result, the notion of a conceptual framework was introduced by the FASB (Federal Accounting Standards Board), to put together various ideas that arose years after the emergence of SSAP2, to give accounting a better understanding. In other words, conceptual framework is basically a big accounting encyclopaedia, where you will find rules, theories, terms and principles that have been drawn together as the years go by, to shape the accounting profession and offer some sought of meaning to accounti ng, as a whole. These Ideas include The Corporate Report 1975, true and fair view, SSAP2, accounting concepts, 1991 Statements of Principle, etc. (Mathews Perera, 1996, 23-30). From history, it is evident that accounting has been shaped by different ideas, images and views over the years by countries, scholars and the society at large. Ideas such as the True and Fair view; which is a fundamental part in accounting and all issued accounts, the suggestion of six additional statements in the Corporate Report 1975 and also the debate between UK and USA on whether it is possible to obtain a conceptual framework, or put theories on events that has already happened hence conceptual framework, which was the suggestion from the UK by professor Macvae. However, these ideas only provide us with diverse standpoints of accounting practices as a whole. Even so, it is palpable that accounting is socially constructed and subjective just like an artist is obliged to produce a partial view of the reality he or she w ishes to represent (Morgan, 1988, pg. 477). All these views, debates and ideologies were all constructed by people for people i.e. accounting bodies to accountants, hence socially constructed. For example, financial statements are constructed by a financial accountant based on his or her view of a company, to an audience that are external. However, the views of such accountant might not be the full picture of the company financial position. As a result of the untrue representation of the financial statements, the outcome becomes highly subjective and relatively a biased observation of reality because accountants arbitrarily combine and define, and add, and subtract things in a different way to the everyday way (Hines, 1988 pg. 254) While positivists such has Solomons suggests that the conception of neutrality ,impartiality, should be fundamental to accounting and that accountants should be unbiased and reporting reality as they see it, it begs the question whether reality can be verified or proved? And as users, should we depend on it without knowing why it is done in such way? That is the reason why unanswered questions like the above make phenomenologists like tinker disagree with the ideas of positivism approach to accounting. They believe that people i.e. accountants are not entirely independent about their opinions and how they view reality as a whole. In addition, Hines said that in communicating reality, we construct it (Hines, 1988, pg.257) and give meaning to it. Consequently, Reality to accountants or in accounting is interpreted differently to non accountants. This is like the relationship between a farmer and a chicken. Reality to a farmer is to kill the chicken for Christmas celebration but for the chicken reality is growing up in the farm and laying eggs. This example therefore shows that reality is interpreted in different ways but due to the fact that accountants are a group with power in the society like the farmer, their construct and make their reality legitimate which we then have to believe and absorb into our own general conception, because they basically shouted the loudest. However, in my opinion, I think reality is out there but because we are limited to following the views and opinions posed in accounting, we wont be able to find reality but instead wait until something bad has happened in the accounting profession just like the financial crisis and failures that took place in big organizations like Lehman Brothers (Swedberg, 2010, 71-114), and question objectivity in accounting. This brings us back to the farmer and chicken illustration. Since the chicken is used to doing the same thing; wakeup, eat, walk around, lay eggs and sleep everyday during the year, such chicken would not know what reality is because the chicken is used to the same way of living but when Christmas comes the chicken gets killed. Then, questions will be asked whether the way the chicken has been living since the beginning of the year is reality or being killed during Christmas? Enough of my chicken illustration and back to my evaluation. In addition financial failures in big organizations have made non-accountants more aware of the significant impact of accounting in their lives and the roles they play to shape accounting. Subsequently, due to the problems in the accounting profession, there have been theoretical frameworks created to provide solutions and discipline in the profession. So what is theory? Theory can be defined as a set of interrelated constructs, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomenawith the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena (Kerlinger, 1964, p.11). However, since accounting is a practice based profession unlike science, we can argue that applying theory based system into accounting could be problematic even subjective. This is because acquiring knowledge needed to form theories, comes from different sources, such as; introspecting, ones perception, memory, faith, intuition etc. All of which are all subjective sources. To be able to acquire knowledge, the process of induction is used. The process starts from observation, which is the inductive approach to develop a law or theory. Once the law has been passed, it would then go through the deductive approach were it would be tested. However there have been debates about how theories are generated. Furthermore, some scholars suggested that it is through the inductive approach and others say it is through the deductive approach but because fundamental accounting theories such as fair value and depreciation have all been developed through the inductive reasoning process, it is safe to say that these theories are very subjective. Reason being, not all situations, events or circumstances observed are objective; instead they are prejudiced and give an inaccurate picture of what the observer sees. This therefore reiterates Hiness perception that when we communicate reality, we create it (Hines, 1988, p.g 251). Over the years, the observable fact of ambiguity and uncertainty in accounting concepts has been the topic of debate between accounting researchers. Apart from the notion of reality construction and accounting theory formation, these debates have been centred around the back bone of financial statements: the true and fair view concept. Firstly, what is the meaning of true and fair? , what is the definition of the true and fair view concept in accounting? Websters Reference Library (2010) defines true as conforming with fact; correct, accurate; perfectly in tune (Webster, 2010, pg. (349)). Fair is defined in the concise Oxford Thesaurus (2002) as fair-minded, just, impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, and honest (Kirkpatrick, 2002, pg. (273)). However, the concept of true and fair view in the accounting profession is releasing all appropriate materials that are consistent with the acceptable accounting principles. However, non-accountants construe the meaning of true and fair to be 100% truth and correct, so whenever statements are signed off with the famous sentence: this statements has been produced with a true and fair view, users of financial statements immediately believe that the accounts produced is the 100% reflection of the companies financial state which has been produced truthfully and correctly. Regretfully, this assumption is not always right because not all companies report their financial state truthfully and correctly which was the case of Enron, were the company had leveraged some it if debts constantly and did not reflect it on their balance sheet before and after it was signed off by the companys auditor, Anderson, under the accounting rules and principles (Thakur, kalra karkun, 2002, pg. 1-5). Therefore this shows that the true and fair view concept was used as a safety net and a pepper spray to blind the users from knowing the full-picture and also used as an excuse for non-compliance. For that reason, I think the vagueness and high subjectiv ity level involved in the true and fair view concept makes it difficult to have a definitive explanation when the accounting definition is unclear even to the professionals themselves, who make sure they avoid explaining the meaning. It is therefore based on ones perspective/interpretation of what true and fair view is thus making accounting very subjective as suggested by Tinker. He said it is impossible to represent financial events without any form of subjectivity in it and ignoring some facts because financial statements are produced based on the accountants opinion or due to influences from different factors (Tinker, 1991, pg. 297-298), for example the Lehman Brothers collapse. In conclusion, even though accounting is regarded or said to be objective and as much as accountants perceive themselves to be positivists, it is evident the profession as a whole is not as objective as we would hope. Furthermore, this evaluation has used various notions to give an explanation the issue of subjectivity in accounting. Firstly, the formulation of the conceptual framework plays a huge part in shaping accounting either through theories or debates, all of which provided accountants with the rules they have to follow. Nonetheless, it is evident that the framework is socially-constructed because it was developed by people for other people i.e. by accountants to the external users. Additionally, the notion of reality construction shows that accounting is subjective because accountants make their reality known by giving it meaning based on their opinion and, everyone else has to follow these common conception. We can also see that knowledge gathering is important when making or formulating accounting theories. It however becomes problematic because the sources used to acquire knowledge during the inductive reasoning approach could sometimes be biased and prejudiced and as phenomenologists suggested, we are part of what is being observed. Whats more, the true and fair view concept in accounting is highly fundamental to published accounts. However, inability to give the concept a definition within the accounting profession and in company law makes it harder to understand even to the professionals themselves. This therefore makes it highly subjective because we as users are left to give the concept a meaning based on our judgement.

My Writing Style Essay -- Writing Education Teaching Essays

My Writing Style We all have a style, and it would seem that I wouldn't know another style, better than I know my own. However, I really wasn't aware that every circumstance causes me to change my 'style' accordingly. It seems that we are all just actors and actresses, playing various social roles, and yet we think we are being our 'self'. There were times when I was really nervous, perhaps before a job interview or meeting new people, and my mom would say , " don't be nervous, just go and be your self." The 'self' is an integration of the social roles we play and it is complex because we change our behaviors and our perceptions as situations dictate. The line you just read, illustrated an official writing 'self' that I slip into because it's still such a habit to write in the official style. Let me assure you this is quite frustrating. Anyway, now that I know what my 'self' is, the advice above seems worthless. Realistically, I am always my 'self', otherwise, who else would I be? Often times, I realize that I am not sincere while I am talking with people. My insincere 'self', is the style which surfaces more often than I like to admit, especially while I am at work. At work, customer after customer goes through my checkout line, and I greet each one with a polite and courteous, "Hi, how are you today?" The customers must think I care and want to know how they are actually doing, because some of them share with me, even the smallest details about their life story. To this, I usually say, "Oh, that's good," or if they have just enlightening run-down on how crummy life is, I will reply, "I'm sorry to hear that," in a very sympathetic way of course. During encounters with customers like this, I am often thinking; I have to g... ...h beyond the rigid theme writing stipulations. I continue to struggle with avoiding the know-it-all voice and style which still continues to naturally falls on the page. It's a style composed primarily of official sounding latinate words, and often it doesn't get across what I am trying to say in my writing. I think that the best way to defeat this style, is to continue to write as if I were engaged in a conversation. I realize now that good work isn't' t always defined by how eloquent it sounds. I have also realized that I don't even like reading what I write most of the time because I don't like to be talked at. I would rather read a paper which sounds less condescending, and one which sounds more like the paper is sharing ideas. I would rather write papers which reflect more of my 'self' and as for my conversations, well, I can't help being my 'self' if I tried. My Writing Style Essay -- Writing Education Teaching Essays My Writing Style We all have a style, and it would seem that I wouldn't know another style, better than I know my own. However, I really wasn't aware that every circumstance causes me to change my 'style' accordingly. It seems that we are all just actors and actresses, playing various social roles, and yet we think we are being our 'self'. There were times when I was really nervous, perhaps before a job interview or meeting new people, and my mom would say , " don't be nervous, just go and be your self." The 'self' is an integration of the social roles we play and it is complex because we change our behaviors and our perceptions as situations dictate. The line you just read, illustrated an official writing 'self' that I slip into because it's still such a habit to write in the official style. Let me assure you this is quite frustrating. Anyway, now that I know what my 'self' is, the advice above seems worthless. Realistically, I am always my 'self', otherwise, who else would I be? Often times, I realize that I am not sincere while I am talking with people. My insincere 'self', is the style which surfaces more often than I like to admit, especially while I am at work. At work, customer after customer goes through my checkout line, and I greet each one with a polite and courteous, "Hi, how are you today?" The customers must think I care and want to know how they are actually doing, because some of them share with me, even the smallest details about their life story. To this, I usually say, "Oh, that's good," or if they have just enlightening run-down on how crummy life is, I will reply, "I'm sorry to hear that," in a very sympathetic way of course. During encounters with customers like this, I am often thinking; I have to g... ...h beyond the rigid theme writing stipulations. I continue to struggle with avoiding the know-it-all voice and style which still continues to naturally falls on the page. It's a style composed primarily of official sounding latinate words, and often it doesn't get across what I am trying to say in my writing. I think that the best way to defeat this style, is to continue to write as if I were engaged in a conversation. I realize now that good work isn't' t always defined by how eloquent it sounds. I have also realized that I don't even like reading what I write most of the time because I don't like to be talked at. I would rather read a paper which sounds less condescending, and one which sounds more like the paper is sharing ideas. I would rather write papers which reflect more of my 'self' and as for my conversations, well, I can't help being my 'self' if I tried.

Comparison of Ifrs and Us Gaap Essay

Presents the key similarities and differences between IFRS and US GAAP, focusing on the differences commonly found in practice. It takes into account all standards published up to August 2007. IFRS Pocket Guide 2006 Provides a summary of the IFRS recognition and measurement requirements. Including currencies, assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses, business combinations and interim financial statements. Understanding financial instruments – A guide to IAS 32, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 Comprehensive guidance on all aspects of the requirements for financial instruments accounting. Detailed explanations illustrated through worked examples and extracts from company reports. Contents Page Preface How to use this publication Summary of similarities and differences Accounting framework Financial statements Consolidated financial statements Business combinations Revenue recognition Expense recognition Assets Liabilities Equity Derivatives and hedging Other accounting and reporting topics Foreign currency translation Earnings per share Related-party disclosures Segment reporting Discontinued operations Post-balance-sheet events Interim financial reporting 3 4 12 13 20 25 30 34 39 50 58 59 62 62 63 64 65 67 67 68 69 Index Similarities and Differences – A comparison of IFRS and US GAAP – October 2007 Contents 1 Preface Preface One day we may not need to produce this publication because the world’s capital markets will be using one accounting framework, and there will be no need for a comparison between two sets of standards. However, there is much to do before this can become reality. The International Accounting Standards Board and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board have been committed to converging IFRS and US GAAP since the Norwalk Accord of 2002. Many commentators have called for convergence to simplify financial reporting and reduce the compliance burden for listed companies, especially those with stock market listings in more than one jurisdiction and those who participate in cross-border, capitalmarket transactions. A major step in the movement to one set of global accounting standards is the Securities and Exchange Commission’s 2007 proposal to drop the requirement for a US GAAP reconciliation by foreign private issuers that prepare their primary financial statements under full IFRS. Another significant step is the 2007 SEC Concepts Release on allowing domestic US registrants to use IFRS as an alternative to US GAAP. These potential changes, if they come to fruition, will significantly alter the international landscape of accounting. US capital-market participants have already started to show a much greater interest in IFRS, realising that it may replace US GAAP as the accounting language underlying future financial reporting and capital-market activity. This will not happen immediately.

Cooling curve Essays

Cooling curve Essays Cooling curve Paper Cooling curve Paper A cooling curve is actually a line graph representing the change in the state of matter of a substance, either from solid to liquid or liquid to solid. In this graph, time is usually represented on the x axis and temperature on the y axis. The particles in the wax in the solid state slowly start to get more energy when heated and start to move more rapidly at a certain temperature and then change to liquid. When it has to change from liquid to solid, the particles in the wax start to lose energy and come close together till they become solid. VARIABLES: Independent Dependant Controlled Temperature change Time taken for wax to solidify Environmental change, amount of wax taken. APPARATUS: Boiling tube Beaker 250 cm3 (i 25 cm3) Thermometer range 10i C to 110i C (i 0. 5i C) Clamp stand Bunsen burner Tripod stand Wire gauge Paraffin wax Water for water bath (in beaker) Stopwatch (i 0. 1 seconds) METHOD (GIVEN): 1) Heat half a beaker of water to about 90i C. 2) Clamp a boiling tube with paraffin wax in it and put it in hot water with the thermometer. 3) Measure the temperature of molten wax and start your stopwatch. 4) Record the temperature at suitable time intervals till all the wax solidifies completely. 5) Present your results suitably and interpret these in terms of the concepts youve learned so far. OBSERVATIONS: Amount of water (ml) Initial Temperature (Trial 1) (i C) Initial Temperature (Trial 2) (i C) Water Temperature (i C) Time intervals (s) Temperature (Trial 1) (i C) Temperature (Tria C respectively, it started to go clear gradually, until it melted completely at 62. 5i C and 63. 0i C respectively at which point, it was completely transparent. As it start freezing, at 48. 0i C and 50. 5i C respectively, it started to gain its original greyish colour and it froze completely at 50. 0i C and 53. 0i C respectively, it was completely opaque. GRAPHS: Trial 1: Trial 2: ANALYSIS: From the above graphs, we can see that the temperature of the wax in the test tube keeps falling until a certain point where it becomes a constant value and then continues to fall. The particles of wax that are held together by weaker intermolecular forces need to a particular temperature at which all the bonds can become stronger so as to change its state. When heat is taken away from a liquid substance, the energy supplied to it drops and thus, the particles do not have enough energy to collide with each other and move far apart. Thus, the particles come closer to each other and the intermolecular forces become stronger. The temperature required for bonds to form in a particular substance is the same for all particles in that substance and thus, the temperature of the wax remains constant throughout a certain period when all bonds are formed, changing the state of the substance. This shows that the wax used in the experiment was a pure substance as it has been proven that a substance is pure only if its melting/boiling point is a constant. The temperature fell rapidly in the initial stages because very few bonds or no bonds could be formed due to such a high temperature. Later, as the temperature drops, the numbers of bonds formed become comparatively higher and thus, the temperature starts to fall slowly. Once the whole substances solidifies, all the bonds have been formed and thus, the particles of the substance have a very low energy because of which they cant collide and generate heat. Thus, the temperature of the substance continues to fall. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ERROR: The reading taken from the thermometer may not have been completely accurate throughout the experiment. As the experiment was conducted in an air-conditioned room, this could have affected the experiment. The time taken from the stopwatch wouldnt be completely accurate. CONCLUSION: From this experiment, we can conclude that the temperature required for bonds to form in a particular substance is the same for all particles in that substance. This rule applies to all pure substances as all particles in a pure substance are the same and thus, they bond at the same temperature, as in this experiment. An impure substance would contain other substances and thus, the particles would bond at different temperatures and the boiling/melting point wouldnt be a constant.

Free Essays on Does God Exist

EXISTENCE OF GOD Does God Exist? This is one of the questions in todays society that does not have any true answer. Fortunately, there are some of us who tend to question the who’s and how’s one actually came before us. People’s opinions on the existence of God may differentiate, because of the church they attend, their parents teachings, and the religion that they believe in. In this paper I will discuss the opinions of different people including myself, a famous philosopher, and a religion who are either for or against the existence of God. In my life I myself have always came to the question does God really exist. Where then I finally came to the conclusion, that I my self would not choose one side, and instead would argue both perspectives relating to the existence of God. One of the biggest reasons why I do believe in God is because that was something that I have been taught to believe ever since I was a young child. Attending a catholic church every Sunday is what also made me help make a decision, this is because I was preached too believe in the one thing all Catholics do, and that is that a being such as God does exist. Besides having reasons that God does exist, there are also times I would have to disagree and say that he does not. This is because I feel that no actual evidence has proved that God was the one being higher then all of us. It to me also seems impossible for one person to be held responsible for creating all things on this earth. Another thing is that if God was considered such a loving, and good person then what is the explanation for young innocent children who are being abused, and the incident that happened on September 11, 2002. So therefore God should free people on this earth from any pain and suffering and he doesn’t. A question that really leaves my mind confused is that if God did exist and die then why was his body missing from the tomb. ... Free Essays on Does God Exist Free Essays on Does God Exist Does God Exist? This is one of the questions in todays society that does not have any true answer. Fortunately, there are some of us who tend to question the who’s and how’s one actually came before us. People’s opinions on the existence of God may differentiate, because of the church they attend, their parents teachings, and the religion that they believe in. In this paper I will discuss the opinions of different people including myself, a famous philosopher, and a religion who are either for or against the existence of God. In my life I myself have always came to the question does God really exist. Where then I finally came to the conclusion, that I my self would not choose one side, and instead would argue both perspectives relating to the existence of God. One of the biggest reasons why I do believe in God is because that was something that I have been taught to believe ever since I was a young child. Attending a catholic church every Sunday is what also made me help make a decision, this is because I was preached too believe in the one thing all Catholics do, and that is that a being such as God does exist. Besides having reasons that God does exist, there are also times I would have to disagree and say that he does not. This is because I feel that no actual evidence has proved that God was the one being higher then all of us. It to me also seems impossible for one person to be held responsible for creating all things on this earth. Another thing is that if God was considered such a loving, and good person then what is the explanation for young innocent children who are being abused, and the incident that happened on September 11, 2002. So therefore God should free people on this earth from any pain and suffering and he doesn’t. A question that really leaves my mind confused is that if God did exist and die then why was his body missing from the tomb. On Wednesday March 2... Free Essays on Does God Exist EXISTENCE OF GOD Does God Exist? This is one of the questions in todays society that does not have any true answer. Fortunately, there are some of us who tend to question the who’s and how’s one actually came before us. People’s opinions on the existence of God may differentiate, because of the church they attend, their parents teachings, and the religion that they believe in. In this paper I will discuss the opinions of different people including myself, a famous philosopher, and a religion who are either for or against the existence of God. In my life I myself have always came to the question does God really exist. Where then I finally came to the conclusion, that I my self would not choose one side, and instead would argue both perspectives relating to the existence of God. One of the biggest reasons why I do believe in God is because that was something that I have been taught to believe ever since I was a young child. Attending a catholic church every Sunday is what also made me help make a decision, this is because I was preached too believe in the one thing all Catholics do, and that is that a being such as God does exist. Besides having reasons that God does exist, there are also times I would have to disagree and say that he does not. This is because I feel that no actual evidence has proved that God was the one being higher then all of us. It to me also seems impossible for one person to be held responsible for creating all things on this earth. Another thing is that if God was considered such a loving, and good person then what is the explanation for young innocent children who are being abused, and the incident that happened on September 11, 2002. So therefore God should free people on this earth from any pain and suffering and he doesn’t. A question that really leaves my mind confused is that if God did exist and die then why was his body missing from the tomb. ... Free Essays on Does God Exist God=â€Å"A being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions.† Only if everyone believed this. However, there are numerous reasons as to why and/or why not God’s existence can be valid. I plan to take the view of numerous authors who give endless reason as to the issue of God. But in the end I feel as if there clearly will be no justification into the matter, mainly due to the fact that I believe it difficult to prove let alone explain aspects of a mere belief. One particular author that grabbed my attention was Ramakrishna (1836-1886). Ramakrishna takes the view of God himself (assuming a male) mandating different religions to suit different aspects, different times, and even different countries. Ramakrishna speaks of ones ability to ultimately reach God if he/she follows any of the religious paths with â€Å"wholehearted devotion.† This particular statement denotes that God himself has mandated certain and particular religious paths in order to reach a religious summit. But how can such a being conceived as the perfect, enlist a path to perfection, but for those who are only as fortunate enough to achieve perfection. So if indeed God has mandated religions for particular peoples, is one religion harder to reach God as opposed to another religion? If a Jew and a Christian both were â€Å"wholehearted†, would one have an advantage or disadvantage over the other because perhaps God has chosen a better or easier religion? I believe that a â€Å"wholehearted† person needs neither particular religion nor correct path to reach God. Would a being conceived as the perfect, make it more difficult for one person to reach God rather than another? Ramakrishna also speaks of the methods in which man prays towards God. Is there a proper way to pray to a being conceived as the perfect? Perhaps ...

McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

McDonald's - Essay Example McDonald’s is been considered as the world’s largest and the top fast food company.McDonald’s has created a history in the field of restaurant business.There are few factors which are very much important to help the brand to be evaluated as the greatest brand ever; McDonald’s. The outstanding services, high quality food, great maintenance of hygiene within the restaurants and obviously the remarkable customer services and great pricing strategy have made them the best. However, there are some positive point and some negative points about the McDonald’s this paper will evaluate the McDonald’s according to those facts. Evaluation of the pricing strategy: The pricing is very much important. McDonald’s has always adopted the penetration pricing strategy. And that is the reason it is the largest seller of the fast foods in the world. The combo happy meal price is only $ 3.59 to $ 4.5, which is very much competitive and the individual price for the baked patties burger would be only $ 1.09-2, the mash potatoes at $ 1.50-2 and the smoothies at $ 2.29-3. The interesting part is the combo gives a saving of $1.29 with respect to the individual items if they are bought all by any customer. This pricing strategy would definitely help the new product to penetrate the market easily. Price discrimination is a great factor for the McDonald’s. From the personal experiences it has been seen that there are many customers who are teenagers, McDonald’s must think about these loyal customers as they could be the future customers for the developed market. The disposable incomes of these young souls are not too high and that is the reason the individual pricing of the single products are required. Happy meal is for the families but not for the teenagers who prefer to have the Mac-Chicken Burger instead of the happy meal for the short budget. The evaluation of the brand identity: Previously McDonald’s brand identitie s were the red and white brick wall and the two golden arches but later it changed. Somehow the red and white theme remained the same but the two arches got the new look with more shiny arch which looks like a huge golden arch. And later the iconic Ronald came into action. Ronald can be treated as the brand’s mascot. The evaluation of the brand image of the McDonald’s does highly depend on the Ronald McDonald’s personality. For a personal experience is can be said that the Ronald is one of the most favorite superficial cartoon character among the kids and many new kids want to go to the McDonald’s to see Mr Ronald. The supportive promotions of the McDonald’s: The promotion is the energy of the McDonald’s which kept on giving them the fuel to run for the achievements. Most of the time, McDonald’s does in-store promotions. There are many cartoon characters that are there in the store to entertain the kids. The playing and eating facilit y give the extra attraction to the kids. Advertising was always an option for McDonald’s but eventually it was a big hit even before it appeared in the National Television advertisement. Most of the advertisements of McDonald’s have been concentrated on the personality called Ronald McDonald. However, in the recent time they had to change their advertising tactics in some of the countries where food is most important than that of the celebrated character. But still in each and every country Ronald is been a huge hit and brand recall factor. In most of the cases McDonald’s is very much selective in case of choosing the channel and the timing of the ad to be showed. Evaluation of the customer support: The customer support has been a great achievement for the McDonald’s. From the earlier time while it was concentrating it drive through restaurants it inculcated the art of serving customers in a short time with great quality. However, in a restaurant sometime it takes time to deliver and that is the reason the McDonald’s has put up many things inside the restaurant to get entertained with. The home